Thymosin Alpha 1 – 10mg
Original price was: $89.99.$59.99Current price is: $59.99.
10 mg per vial
- This product is prepared for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY and may not be used for other purposes.
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Properties
| Molecular Formula | C129H215N33O55 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 3108.3 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 3106.5041281 |
| Polar Area | 1460 |
| Complexity | 7190 |
| XLogP | -24 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 217 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 49 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 59 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 111 |
| Physical Appearance | Fine White Lyophilized Powder |
| Stability | Lyophilized protein is to be stored at -20°C. It is recommended to aliquot the reconstituted (dissolved) protein into several discrete vials in order to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Reconstituted protein can be stored at 4°C |
| PubChem LCSS | Thymalfasin Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary
|
Identifiers
| CID | 62304-98-7 |
|---|---|
| CAS | 62304-98-7 |
| InChI | 1S/C129H215N33O55/c1-18-59(10)98(159-114(201)76(36-42-91(181)182)146-120(207)83(53-164)154-121(208)84(54-165)155-127(214)99(63(14)166)160-118(205)80(51-94(187)188)152-123(210)95(56(4)5)156-104(191)62(13)135-102(189)60(11)137-115(202)78(49-92(183)184)151-119(206)82(52-163)138-66(17)169)125(212)161-101(65(16)168)128(215)162-100(64(15)167)126(213)147-70(30-22-26-46-133)109(196)150-79(50-93(185)186)117(204)149-77(47-55(2)3)116(203)142-69(29-21-25-45-132)108(195)144-73(33-39-88(175)176)110(197)141-67(27-19-23-43-130)106(193)140-68(28-20-24-44-131)107(194)145-75(35-41-90(179)180)113(200)157-97(58(8)9)124(211)158-96(57(6)7)122(209)148-74(34-40-89(177)178)111(198)143-71(31-37-86(171)172)105(192)136-61(12)103(190)139-72(32-38-87(173)174)112(199)153-81(129(216)217)48-85(134)170/h55-65,67-84,95-101,163-168H,18-54,130-133H2,1-17H3,(H2,134,170)(H,135,189)(H,136,192)(H,137,202)(H,138,169)(H,139,190)(H,140,193)(H,141,197)(H,142,203)(H,143,198)(H,144,195)(H,145,194)(H,146,207)(H,147,213)(H,148,209)(H,149,204)(H,150,196)(H,151,206)(H,152,210)(H,153,199)(H,154,208)(H,155,214)(H,156,191)(H,157,200)(H,158,211)(H,159,201)(H,160,205)(H,161,212)(H,162,215)(H,171,172)(H,173,174)(H,175,176)(H,177,178)(H,179,180)(H,181,182)(H,183,184)(H,185,186)(H,187,188)(H,216,217)/t59-,60-,61-,62-,63+,64+,65+,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-,73-,74-,75-,76-,77-,78-,79-,80-,81-,82-,83-,84-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-/m0/s1 |
| InChIKey | NZVYCXVTEHPMHE-ZSUJOUNUSA-N |
| Isomeric SMILES | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)C |
| Canonical SMILES | CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C |
| IUPAC Name | (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid |
Description
Thymosin Alpha 1
This product is not intended for weight loss, human consumption, or veterinary use. It is sold for research purposes only. Please handle with care and follow all safety guidelines for the specific chemicals involved.
What Is Thymosin Alpha 1 Peptide?
Thymosin Alpha 1 10 mg (Thymalfasin) is a chemically synthesized version of thymosin alpha-1 that is structurally identical to endogenous human thymosin alpha-1. This Thymosin Alpha 1 peptide is an acetylated polypeptide composed of 28 amino acids and is derived from the precursor protein prothymosin-alpha. Thymosin alpha-1 has been approved in multiple developing countries for the treatment of Hepatitis B and C and has been widely studied for its immune-modulating properties.
Thymalfasin, the synthetic analogue of thymosin alpha-1, exhibits a broad range of immunoregulatory activities. Research has demonstrated that this Thymosin Alpha 1 peptide induces differentiation of murine T-cell precursors and human thymocytes, as well as terminal differentiation of functionally immature cord blood lymphocytes. Additionally, thymosin alpha-1 stimulates the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), high-affinity IL-2 receptors, and B-cell growth factors by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Both T-helper and cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell populations are primary targets of thymosin activity.
Thymosin alpha-1 has also been shown to enhance antigen presentation efficiency by macrophages and to function as an endogenous modulator of alpha-thrombin activity (NCI04). Due to these well-documented immunological properties, researchers frequently buy Thymosin Alpha 1 peptide online for controlled laboratory and experimental studies.
Thymosin Alpha 1: Mechanism of Action and Immune Modulation
The precise mechanism of action of thymalfasin is not fully understood; however, it is believed to be primarily associated with its immunomodulatory effects, particularly the augmentation of T-cell function. In multiple in vitro assays, thymosin alpha-1 has been shown to promote T-cell differentiation and maturation, with observed increases in CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+ cell populations.
Furthermore, thymosin alpha-1 enhances the production of cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-3, increases expression of the IL-2 receptor following activation by mitogens or antigens, and elevates natural killer (NK) cell activity. Additional research indicates increased production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and enhanced antibody responses to T-cell–dependent antigens.
Thymosin alpha-1 has also demonstrated the ability to antagonize dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of thymocytes in vitro. In vivo studies in animals immunosuppressed by chemotherapy, tumor burden, or irradiation suggest that administration of thymosin alpha-1 may protect against cytotoxic damage to bone marrow, reduce tumor progression, and limit opportunistic infections, ultimately improving survival outcomes.
Thymosin Alpha-1 Peptide: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects
Many observed in vitro and in vivo effects of thymosin alpha-1 have been attributed to its influence on differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into thymocytes or the activation of thymocytes into functional T-cells. Thymalfasin has also been shown in vitro to upregulate the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR), including TLR2 and TLR9, in both mouse and human dendritic cells, while activating NF-κB and JNK/P38/AP-1 signaling pathways. Activation of dendritic cells represents an additional pathway that may explain the immunomodulatory and antiviral effects associated with this Thymosin Alpha 1 10 mg formulation.
Toxicity
Animal toxicology studies have shown no adverse reactions in single doses up to 20 mg/kg and in repeated doses up to 6 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks, which were the highest doses studied. The highest single dose tested in animals represents 800-times the clinical research dose. Buy Thymosin Alpha 1 from NuScience Peptides to advance your immunomodulation research. Explore related immune peptides including Thymosin Alpha 1’s sister compound TB-500 for tissue repair studies and Selank for neuroimmune research.
NuScience Peptides sells research products only, they are not for human consumption.
Synonyms
- alpha1 Thymosin
- alpha1-thymosin
- thymalfasin
- thymosin alpha(1)
- thymosin alpha1
- Zadaxin
References
Chien RN, Liaw YF: Thymalfasin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2004 Feb;2(1):9-16. [PMID:15482167] Sjogren MH: Thymalfasin: an immune system enhancer for the treatment of liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Dec;19 Suppl 6:S69-72. [PMID:15546253] Liaw YF: Thymalfasin (thymosin-alpha 1) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Dec;19 Suppl 6:S73-5. [PMID:15546254] Sjogren MH: Thymalfasin: an immune system enhancer for the treatment of liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Dec;19(12):S69-72. [PMID:15641207] Liaw YF: Thymalfasin (thymosin-alpha 1) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Dec;19(12):S73-5. [PMID:15641208] Vemuri S: Comparison of assays for determination of peptide content for lyophilized thymalfasin. J Pept Res. 2005 Apr;65(4):433-9. [PMID:15813890] Rustgi VK: Thymalfasin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2005 Dec;3(6):885-92. [PMID:16307501] Rustgi VK: Thymalfasin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Sep;1112:357-67. Epub 2007 Jun 28. [PMID:17600289] Gramenzi A, Cursaro C, Andreone P, Bernardi M: Thymalfasin: clinical pharmacology and antiviral applications. BioDrugs. 1998 Jun;9(6):477-86. [PMID:18020580] Pierluigi B, D’Angelo C, Fallarino F, Moretti S, Zelante T, Bozza S, De Luca A, Bistoni F, Garaci E, Romani L: Thymosin alpha1: the regulator of regulators? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Apr;1194:1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05465.x. [PMID:20536444]
ALL LITERATURE, INFORMATION, AND DATA, PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
Accurate research is our number one priority.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is another name for Thymosin Alpha 1?
What is Thymosin Alpha 1 peptide used for in research?
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